Megastructures: Bigger-Than-Worlds

"QUANTUM SHOT" #666 Link - article by M. Christian and A. Abrams Make Room! Make Room! - Mega-Scale Planet Engineering Overheard in the future: "We already talked about how to add extra storage space to your continent by turning mountain ranges into bookcases, turning lakes into bath tubs, and continental shelves into decks (see also our popular Future Plate Tectonics article). Well, in this special episode we're going to be taking the same approach but ramping it up a bit because, let's face it, even the best planet can only hold so many people." One day – though probably not anytime soon – all of us are going to need to do some serious expanding. (Dyson's Sphere as imagined by M. S. Escher? - via, "M.C. Escher's Concentric Rinds": Cordon Art B.V. - Baarn - Holland) Dam!.. why didn't we think about it before? Back in the 1920s Herman Sörgel had the right idea, though on a pretty small scale. Herman's plan was to do a bit of tinkering with a rather tiny, almost insignificant, part of the Earth: the Mediterranean Sea. Using readily available materials – though a lot of them – and technology he drew up plans to put a dam across the Straights of Gibraltar, and then to drain a large portion of the sea. The dam, he said, would provide power, and the radically lowered Mediterranean would give Europe and Africa a bountiful new spread of fertile land. Alas, Herman's Atlantropa never got off his drawing board but you have to admire his creativity – even if he didn't think big enough. (images via 1, 2, 3) Planetary Do-It-Yourself Christian Waldvogel, though, realized that if you're going to do some serious structural work it's better to overdo it than underdo it. Let's face it, if you’re going to tear down an old classic like the Earth you might as well get as much from it as you can. Waldvogel's idea was to take the planet, every bit of it, and reform it into what he called Globus Cassus: a massive hollow shell that humanity would live inside of, sunlight coming in through continent-sized windows. (images via 1, 2) Since Globus Cassus would use all that wasted matter that otherwise is doing nothing but giving our little world gravity it would be much bigger, and with much more surface and living area than what we have now: imagine being on the inside of something the size of Jupiter. Since there'd be no gravity the people living inside would be held in place by inertia – what used to be called centrifugal force -- by giving the structure an appropriate amount of spin. (image credit: Adam Burn /Phoenix-06) Cosmic Expansion & Astro Engineering The obvious question is that if you're going to be a doing a bit of fixing-upping then why just stick with the Earth? There are plenty of other worlds in the solar system that are just sitting there, taking up space. Adding their mass to your plan opens up whole new opportunities to add some serious dimensions to your expansion. (art by: Adam Burn (Phoenix-06)) One of the smallest of these is Larry Niven's legendary Ringworld. The idea of rather simple: take most of the planets in the solar system, chew them up, and then turn them into a ring as long as Earth's orbit, as wide as the planet, with 1000 mile high edges to keep the air in. A Ringworld would certainly give you lots of extra space – something on the order of three million earths – and, like Globus Cassus, it would be spun to make fake gravity. You could even make parts of it higher off the surface if you like your air a bit thinner, and if missed days and nights then you could put a row of black squares in an inner orbit to cast shadows. (images via 1, Orion's Arm, used by permission) (left image: Stephan Martiniere's cover to Larry Niven's "Ringworld's Children"; right image: a "Horizonless Map of Manhattan", via - a curved landscape view, reminiscent at once of Ringworld and... "Inception") (the Halo Array, also known as Sacred Rings - more info) This is what it might look INSIDE the Ringworld - concept art by Alexander Preuss: (image credit: Alexander Preuss, CG Society - click to enlarge) (image credit: John Berkey) Super-Colossal Megastructures No insult to Larry Niven and his Ringworld, though, it is on the smaller end of what you can do with a solar system if you really put your mind to it. Dan Alderson thought a bit bigger with his Disc idea. Once again, all you need to do to create one is take every speck of matter in the solar system but instead of creating a ring you make a disc. Think a CD as thick as the earth's diameter – to make gravity – and with our sun in the center. If you like it warm you can get closer to that center and if you like it colder then step back a bit. If you miss the sunrises and sunsets then just bob the sun up and do so the folks on one side will get a bright day while the folks on the other will get a cooler night. And since the disc is as thick as the earth you don't need to worry about needing to fake gravity. (image via) How such colossal cosmic structures may be constructed in the far future? Well, here is a fragment of the epic artwork by Adam Burns, which offers us a glimpse - taking the whole planet, and... turning it inside out! - (image credit: Adam Burn (Phoenix-06)) See another incredible "Melting Planets" image by Adan Burns - here. Legendary science fiction artist Chris Foss shows another cosmic construction: assembling blocks for, possibly, a Ringworld: ("Untitled", art by Chris Foss) But, once again, we just aren't thinking big enough. Ponder the sun for a sec: isn't a lot of it being wasted on both a ringworld and a disc? Why not simply put a sphere around a sun to catch every little photon and, as a huge bonus, give you a lot of real estate to play with. The also-legendary Freeman Dyson had the very same thought, thus the structure that bears his name: a Dyson Sphere (info). The only problem with a Dyson Sphere, aside from certain logistical headaches, is one of gravity as you can't do the same trick with a disc that you can do with a sphere. But that doesn't mean you couldn't just spin the sphere, giving folks on the inside an illusion of it – though if you walked too far up or down the inside there might be some very odd effects. If you really want to be ambitious, though, why not simply make the sphere as thick as the earth and have your population live on the outside? Light could be provided by a parade of fake suns powered by the real sun trapped inside the sphere under their feet. (images via 1, 2) Next... Well, next we'll discus how to add some serious space to your solar system by taking the idea of the Dyson sphere and ramping it up a bit. After all, if you can cage a star why not do the same to a solar system or even a galaxy? The sky -- to dismiss the cliché -- is not the limit when it comes to planetary engineering. (this image is "...based on the Halo universe: a forerunner Dyson sphere type construct being built, with nearby moon being mined for resources" - art by Adam Burn /Phoenix-06 - click to enlarge) CONTINUE TO "HELLISH WEATHER ON OTHER PLANETS"! -> Share Tweet Share->